Questions for self-preparation
1.
What
is the status
asthmaticus?
2.
What
factors influence on the development status
asthmaticus?
3.
What
symptoms characterize asthmatic status?
4.
How
is status
asthmaticus
diagnosed?
5.
What
methods are used for measurements of lung function?
6.
How
do you understand “asthma is under control”?
7.
How
do you understand reliever medications for children with asthma? What
medications are used in this case? What doses are they
prescribed?
8.
What
are the controller medications and what treatment is used? What are the inhaled
glucocorticosteroids do you know? How to prescribe them? What are there adverse
effects of inhaled glucocorticosteroids do you know?
9.
What
is the basis of preventive treatment for children with asthma? What the routes
of administration are the most popular in children? Tell about the preferred and
alternate devices for children of different age group?
10.
What
are the principles of oxygen therapy in pediatric
practice?
Respiratory
failure
1.
What
is the respiratory failure?
2.
What
factors influence on the development respiratory failure?
3.
What
types of respiratory failure are there?
4.
What
are the signs of ventilatory type respiratory failure?
5.
What
are the signs of parenchymal type respiratory failure?
6.
What
are general principles of therapy
respiratory failure in children?
7.
What
are the principles of oxygen therapy in pediatric
practice?
8.
What
is the indication for lung ventilation?
9.
What
is the indication for lung ventilation in newborns?
10.
What
is the croup?
What
are the severity of stenosis?
Acute
heart failure
1.
What
is the definition of acute heart failure in children?
2.
Classification
of acute heart failure in children.
3.
What
are the clinical variants of acute heart failure?
4.
What
are the main causes of acute heart failure in children?
5.
Name
the clinical manifestations of acute left ventricular heart
failure.
6.
Name
the clinical manifestations of acute right ventricular heart
failure.
7.
What
body position should a child have with manifestations of acute left ventricular
heart failure in emergency care?
8.
What
is the drug of choice in the presence of pain and psychomotor excitation in a
child with acute heart failure?
9.
What
groups of drugs are contraindicated for administration in the presence of a
hypoxemic
crisis
in a child?
10.
What
cardiotonic drugs should be used in the hypokinetic variant of myocardial
insufficiency?
Paroxysmal
tachycardia
1.
What
is the paroxysmal tachycardia?
2.
What
types of paroxysmal tachycardia are there?
3.
What
are the main causes of paroxysmal tachycardia?
4.
What
are the signs of supraventricular
paroxysmal tachycardia?
5.
What
signs on the ECG indicate supraventricular paroxysmal
tachycardia?
6.
What
emergency therapy should be prescribed to a child with supraventricular paroxysmal
tachycardia?
7.
What
are the signs of ventricular paroxysmal
tachycardia?
8.
What
signs on the ECG indicate ventricular paroxysmal
tachycardia?
9.
What
emergency therapy should be prescribed to a child with ventricular paroxysmal
tachycardia?
10.
What
complications can occur in a child with paroxysmal
tachycardia?
Stokes-Adams
attacks
1.
What
is the definition of Stokes-Adams
syndrome?
2.
What
causes of Stokes-Adams
syndrome in children?
3.
What
are the ECG signs of Stokes-Adams syndrome?
4.
What
symptoms are characteristic of Stokes-Adams
syndrome in children?
5.
Which
medication is the recommended for emergеncy
of
Stokes-Adams
syndrome in children?
6.
What
is the mechanism of syncope in the Stokes-Adams
syndrome?
7.
Why
is Atropine
sulfate usеd
in Stokes-Adams
syndrome?
8.
What
are the indications for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with Stokes-Adams
syndrome?
9.
What
are the indications for urgent surgical implantation of a Cardiac
Pacemaker?
10.
What
are the indications for Isoproterenol
usеd
in Stokes-Adams
syndrome?
Hypertensive
crisis
1.
What
is the hypertensive crisis?
2.
What
form of arterial hypertension often leads to a hypertensive crisis in the
pediatric population?
3.
What
is end-organs damage for arterial
hypertension?
4.
What
values of blood pressure are characteristic of hypertensive crisis in children
different ages?
5.
What
are groups of medicines is used for hypertensive crisis in
children?
6.
Which
medication is the recommended first line treatment for hypertensive crisis
in
children?
7.
Which
mеdication
is usеd
as intrаvenous
therаpy
for hypеrtensive
emergеncy?
8.
Why
is Sodium nitrоprusside
usеd
in hypertensive emergency?
9.
Why
is Enalapril contraindicated for the relief of hypertension in patients with
acute renal failure?
10.
Which
drug is preferable to use for the correction of hypertension in patients with
pheochromocytoma?
Collapse
and unconsciousness
1.
What
is the transient
acute cerebrovascular disorders?
2.
What
causes acute
cerebrovascular disorders in children?
3.
What
types of syncope exist?
4.
What
is the mechanism of development of vasovagal syncope?
5.
What
heart diseases can cause syncope?
6.
What
characterizes the prodromal period of syncope?
7.
What
is the immediate treatment of syncope at different stages of
development?
8.
What
is the algorithm for managing children with syncope
states?
9.
What
is a collapse? What are the reasons for its occurrence?
10.
What
are the diagnostic criteria and emergency therapy for
collapse?
Acute
liver
failure
1.
What
is the definition of acute liver failure?
2.
What
are the main causes of acute liver failure in children?
3.
What
forms of acute liver failure do you know?
4.
What
are the hereditary and metabolic diseases of the liver that can lead to the
development of acute liver failure?
5.
What
are the clinical manifestations of acute liver failure?
6.
Which
indicator best reflects the state of synthetic liver
function?
7.
What
indicators of assessment of the general condition of the child should be
monitored in the development of acute liver failure?
8.
For
what purpose is mannitol used in acute liver failure?
9.
What
drugs are used to reduce the level of hyperammonemia in children with acute
liver failure?
10.
What
drug is used in the development of hepatorenal syndrome in children with acute
liver failure?
Acute
renal failure
1.
What
homeostatic functions of the kidneys do you know?
2.
What
is the definition of acute
renal failure?
3.
What
are the criteria for the diagnosis of acute renal failure?
4.
What
forms of acute kidney injury are classified?
5.
What
causes of acute renal failure in children?
6.
What
are groups of medicines is used for
acute renal failure in children?
7.
What
are the indications for renal
replacement therapy usеd
for
children with acute renal failure?
8.
Determine
conservative treatment in the absence of indications for
hemodialysis.
9.
What
is the emergency treatment for hyperkalemia?
10.
What
is the emergency treatment for metabolic acidosis in
children?
Gastrointestinal
bleeding
1.
What
form of portal hypertension is most common in childhood?
2.
What
is the most serious complication of portal hypertension?
3.
What
is the most typical age for intestinal intussusception?
4.
What
instrumental method is used primarily in the presence of a clinical picture of
bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract?
5.
What
is a mechanical stop of bleeding from varicose veins of the
esophagus?
6.
What
the instrumental method is used
primarily in the presence of a clinical picture of bleeding from the lower
gastrointestinal tract?
7.
To
which group of drugs do aminocaproic acid belong?
8.
What
is the purpose of using of Octreotide for gastrointestinal
bleeding?
9.
What
drugs are used in the presence of thrombocytopenia in patient with
gastrointestinal bleeding?
10.
What
methods of endoscopic hemostasis do you know?
Seizures
in children
1.
What
are the main causes of seizures in children?
2.
What
are the clinical and diagnostic criteria for febrile seizures in
children?
3.
What
metabolic disorders in the body can cause convulsions?
4.
What
are the indications for urgent hospitalization of a patient with
convulsions?
5.
What
is the plan for examining a child with seizures?
6.
What
groups of drugs are the drugs of first choice for seizures in
children?
7.
What
are the most common side effects of phenytoin?
8.
What
are the indications for phenobarbital?
9.
What
are the drugs used to relieve seizures in a child with
hypocalcemia?
10. What should be done to prevent cerebral edema during a prolonged seizures?