Test tasks

At night a 2-year-old child with upper respiratory tract infection suddenly developed dyspnea with labored inspiration. Objectively the skin is pale, perioral cyanosis and slight acrocyanosis are observed. Breathing is loud, respiration rate is 32/min. Jugular, supra- and infraclavicular fossae retract during breathing. Respiration is coarse on auscultation. Heart sounds are clear and sonorous, heart rate is 120/min. What condition was complicated by the development of the upper respiratory tract infection?
Airway foreign body
Stenosing laryngotracheitis
Obstructive bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Bronchial asthma
A 13-year-old girl for the last two weeks has been complaining of dyspnea and shin and foot edemas that appear after a physical exertion. In the morning the edemas significantly decrease. Clinical examination revealed enlarged liver and coarse systolic murmur over the heart area. Blood test and urinalysis are without changes. What is the most likely cause of edemas in this child?
Heart failure
Acute pyelonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Angioneurotic edema
Hepatic cirrhosis
Of the following intravenous drugs used in the management of hypertensive crises, which has the longest half-life?
Nicardipine
Nitroglycerin
Phentolamine
Labetalol
Hydralazine
A 14-year-old boy has been observed for duodenal ulcer for 2 years. After the stressful situation, the child's condition suddenly worsened, there was weakness, lethargy, dizziness, vomiting "coffee grounds", black stools. On examination, the skin is pale, muscle tone is reduced, and the pulse is filiform. HR - 125/min; BP - 60/30 mm Hg. The abdomen is soft. What complication has the patient developed?
Acute adrenal insufficiency
Perforation
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Acute vascular insufficiency
Acute liver failure
A 1.5-year-old child with adenoviral infection and a body temperature of 39°C suddenly developed an attack of tonic-clonic seizures. Which drug is the first aid for a child in this case?
Diazepam
Analgin
Acetaminophen
Drotaverine
Corglicon
What is the source of bleeding in portal hypertension syndrome?
Varicose veins of the lower extremities
Hemorrhoidal veins
Varicose veins of the stomach
Varicose veins of the esophagus
Varicose veins of the upper extremities
Which of the follоwing cоnditions is a cоntraindication fоr using nicardipine to contrоl a hypertensive crisis?
Liver failure
Secоnd degree AV block
Renаl failure
Tаchyarrhythmia
Head injury
A 3-year-old child presents with dyspnea that abates in the sitting position, occasional loss of consciousness and seizures, delayed physical development, cyanosis, drumstick fingers. Echocardioscopy detects aortic dextraposition, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary artery stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Transposition of the great vessels
Acquired valvular disease
Tetrad of Fallot
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
During an outdoors school event in hot weather, a 10-year-old girl lost her consciousness. Body temperature - 36.7°C. Objectively her skin is pale and cold to touch, her pupils are dilated. Blood pressure - 90/50 mm Hg. Heart rate - 58/min. What pathology occurred in this case?
Sunstroke
Sympathicotonic collapse
Paralytic collapse
Anaphylaxis
Syncope
All children with Stokes-Adams attacks are at risk for which of the following complications?
Ocular damage
Renal end-organ damage
Cardiac damage
Cerebral ischemia
Hypertension
Of the fоllowing intrаvenous drugs used in the mаnagement of hypertensive crises, which hаs the shоrtest оnset of аctiоn?
Nitroglycerin
Esmolol
Phentolamine
Labetalol
Sodium nitrоprusside
The mother called a paramedic for a 7-year-old child with a history of viral myocarditis. The child complains of palpitations, severe weakness, shortness of breath. The paramedic diagnosed signs of acute left ventricular failure. In what position should a child be hospitalized?
With the lowered the main end of the bed
On the right side position
Horizontal position
Half-sitting position
On the left side position
What dose of dopamine hydrochloride solution will you choose for the infusion to increase cardiac output in a child with acute left ventricular failure?
30-40 mcg/kg/min
0.5-5 mcg/kg/min
10-20 mcg/kg/min
20-30 mcg/kg/min
5-10 mcg/kg/min
The 5-year-old child has been ill for 2 weeks. Cough attacks developed first and were then followed by reprises. During coughing the child’s face turns red and cervical veins bulge. The cough attacks induce vomiting. X-ray shows intensified bronchial pattern. Blood test: leukocytes - 16×109/L , lymphocytes - 72%, erythrocyte sedimentation rate - 4 mm/hour. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Foreign body
Pneumonia
Obstructive bronchitis
Pertussis
Adenovirus infection
What is contraindicated for administration in emergency care to a child with dyspnea-cyanotic attacks due to tetralogy of Fallot:
Administration of anaprilin
Introduction of cardiac glycosides
Introduction of sodium bicarbonate
Dextran administration
Administration of nikethamide
A 10-year-old boy was brought into the hospital with complaints of expiratory dyspnea, respirations are 30/min. He explains his state by a change in the weather conditions. For the last 4 years the boy has been registered for regular check-ups due to his diagnosis of third degree persistent bronchial asthma. To provide emergency aid for this child, first he needs to be given:
Adrenaline
Claritin (Loratadine)
Salbutamol or short-acting β2-agonists
Euphylline (Aminophylline)
Dexamethasone
A 3-month-old child with signs of rickets presents with positive Chvostek, Trousseau, and Maslov signs. One day ago the parents witnessed a cyanotic attack in their child - the child broke into a cold sweat, the eyes bulged, and respiratory arrest occurred. One minute later the child drew in a loud breath and the child’s condition normalized again. What is the cause of the described signs of the disease?
Increase of blood calcium levels
Increase of blood phosphorus levels
Metabolic acidosis
Decrease of blood calcium levels
Decrease of blood phosphorus levels
Which of the following is a first-line antihypertensive therapy in acute pulmonary edema?
Sodium nitrоprusside
Labetalol
Phentolamine
Nifedipine
Clonidine
After the insulin injection, the 12-year-old girl's condition changed, her skin became pale, covered with cold sticky sweat, and she suddenly developed convulsions. Provide emergency care:
4% Sodium bicarbonate solution 100 ml IV
Isotonic sodium chloride solution 100 ml IV
Insulin 15-20 IU subcutaneously
20% Glucose solution - 2 ml/kg IV slowly
Prednisolone IV
A 1-year-old child with a case of URTI suddenly developed noisy respirations with difficult inspiration, intercostal retractions, and barking cough on the 2nd night after the disease onset. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis
Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchiolitis
Acute pulmonary inflammation
Bronchial asthma
A 15-year-old girl complains of dizziness and sensation of lack of air that she develops in emotionally straining situations. Relief occurs after she takes corvalol. Objectively: hyperhidrosis and marble-like pattern of the skin of her palms and feet. Clinical and instrumental examination revealed no organic changes in the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. What provisional diagnosis can be made?
Bronchial asthma
Acute epiglottitis
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
Stenosing laryngotracheitis
Obstructive bronchitis
The child 3 y.o. with acute renal injury has a GFR (glomerular filtration rate) of 40 mL/min. Which signs and symptoms below may this patient present with?
Hypokalemia
Decreased BUN level
Decreased Creatinine level
Hypervolemia
Hypercalcemia
A 15-year-old girl was admitted in critical condition due to loss of consciousness. She has been ill for 11 days. The disease began with a rise in body temperature to 38.0˚C, joint pain, headache, vomiting. On the third day, there was a slight yellowing of the sclera and skin. Objectively during the examination: lethargy, disorientation, Ps - 110 in 1 minute, BP - 75/40 mm.Hg, RR - 24, icteric skin, edema of the legs, skin hemorrhage. At examination: total bilirubin 118 μmol/l, direct - 76 μmol/l, total protein - 53 g/l, ALT - 1600 U/l, AST - 720 U/l, prothrombin index - 45%. It is known that during the month she often used acetaminophen to relieve headaches. What emergency condition has developed the patient?
Acute vascular insufficiency
Subacute liver failure
Acute renal failure
Acute liver failure
Acute cerebrovascular insufficiency
Choose a drug that is part of emergency care for seizures on the background of spasmophilia:
Magnesium sulfate
Calcium gluconate
Analgin
Ergocalciferol
Euphylline
A newborn with gestational age of 31 weeks presents with hypotonia and depressed consciousness. Hematocrit is 35%, general cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows increased content of erythrocytes and protein, and low glucose. These data correspond with the clinical presentation of:
Intracranial hemorrhage
Sepsis
Meningitis
Anemia
Intrauterine infection
Violations of conduction and heart rhythm, which are accompanied by Stokes-Adams attacks:
Paroxysmal tachycardia
Atrioventricular blockade (Stage I)
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Premature ventricular contractions
A 14-year-old child has complaints of frequent bowel movements up to 2-3 times a day, with mucus and blood for 2 months. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is suspected. Which method is most important for determining the source of bleeding in the patient?
US of the abdominal cavity
Radiography of the large intestine
Radioscopy of the large intestine
Endoscopy of the large intestine
Bacteriological examination of feces